The global decline of native freshwater mussels has accelerated conservation projects that
preserve and restore populations, but the complex life histories among species challenges
biologists in determining the most effective management strategies. This study details the
conservation of plain pocketbook, a Tier I threatened mussel species in Nebraska that was
artificially propagated and reintroduced into 13 sites from autumn 2016 to summer 2017. The
objectives of this study were: 1) determine how handling influences mussels, and 2) evaluate mussel
population dynamics following introductions.

We conducted a 12-week laboratory experiment to assess the effects of handling on plain pocketbook
growth and survival. We found this species is tolerant of short-term repeated handling and used
results to develop a mark-recapture sampling design to assess population dynamics of introduced
mussels. We then sampled mussels and habitats seasonally 2017 – 2018 to relate mussel growth and
survival to habitat, timing of introduction, and shell size. We found mussels were at heightened
risk for mortality during introduction and spring and correlated these time periods to
environmental stressors. We used this information to develop a rigorous process for identifying
suitable habitats as well as choosing optimal introduction times.

Handling is an anthropogenic stressor for mussels that can be moderated through proper research and
techniques. Short-term monitoring studies can provide valuable insight on introduced mussel
populations. Implementing best management practices for future introduction projects will enhance
the conservation of this imperiled taxon.