Moraxella bovoculi is the most frequently isolated bacteria from the eyes of cattle with Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK), also known as bovine pinkeye. Two distinct genotypes of Moraxella bovoculi, genotype 1 and genotype 2, were characterized after whole genome sequencing showed a large degree of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity within the species. To date, only genotype 1 strains have been isolated from the eyes of cattle with clinical signs of IBK. Approximately 80% of genotype 1 Moraxella bovoculi isolates have been shown to possess complete repeats-in-toxin (RTX) operons which encode for a secreted exotoxin that induces hemolysis of bovine erythrocytes.

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