In recent years cryo-EM has emerged as the leading method to gain structural information on difficult membrane protein targets. Cryo-EM not only continues to produce near-atomic resolution structures of membrane proteins in near-native lipid bilayer environments, but has also developed into a method to characterize the conformational transitions that are critical to membrane protein function. Cryo-EM has proven particularly beneficial in analyzing the structural dynamics that allow membrane transporters to move solutes across biological membranes.