Xin Li will present his comprehensive exam topic, “Orbital Hall Effect: From Intrinsic Mechanism to Experimental Evidence” via Zoom.

Abstract: The electronic orbitals, which have been long ignored comparing with the spin of electron in non-equilibrium transport, are getting more and more attentions due to the prediction and experimental verification of orbital Hall effect (OHE) recently. In this report, the recent advances, including intrinsic mechanisms, direct and indirect experimental observations of OHE, are reviewed comprehensively. The orbital current, generated by OHE, shows much more fundamental features than spin current in explaining Hall conductivity and manipulating magnetization electronically. Theoretically, the OHE is proposed to originate from electric-field driven non-equilibrium orbital texture in momentum space, based on tight-binding model. However, current experimental works still stay on the level to reveal how the OHE behaves after orbital current is generated, the unambiguous experimental evidence to verify the generation mechanism of OHE is still missing, limiting the interpretation of OHE. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with polarized incident photon, on the other hand, could be used to identify the orbital textures on energy band and reveal the non-equilibrium nature of orbital-momentum locking behind OHE, which may help to provide the direct experimental evidence to examine the intrinsic mechanism of OHE.